陕西省统招专升本英语时态系列：过去完成时

1. 概念：以过去某个时间为参照，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前已完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。

2. 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month)等。

3. 基本结构：主语 had done 其他

否定形式：主语 hadn’t done 其他

一般疑问句：had置于句首。

4. 用法：

（1）用于told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。

如：She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

（2）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先的动作用过去完成时；发生在后的动作用一般过去时。

如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

（3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等用过去完成时表示“原本······，未能······”。

如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.

注意： had hardly… when ... 刚······就······。

如：I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 刚······就······。

如：He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。